neiconНаука и научная информацияScholarly Research and Information2658-3143NP «NEICON»10.24108/2658-3143-2019-2-4-228-247neicon-71Research ArticleИНФОРМАЦИОННОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НАУЧНЫМИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯМИSCHOLARLY INFORMATION AND RESEARCH MANAGEMENTОТКРЫТЫЙ ДОСТУП СЕГОДНЯ: ШИРОКОМАСШТАБНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ И ВЛИЯНИЯ СТАТЕЙ ОТКРЫТОГО ДОСТУПАTHE STATE OF OA: A LARGE-SCALE ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF OPEN ACCESS ARTICLESПивоварХ.PiwowarH.

г. Сэнфорд, Северная Каролина

Sanford, North Carolina

heather@impactstory.orgПримДж.PriemJ.

г. Сэнфорд, Северная Каролина

Sanford, North Carolina

jason@impactstory.orgЛаривьерВ.LarivièreV.

Павийон Лионель-Грульс, ул. Жан-Брийан, 3150, г. Монреаль, Квебек, H3T 1N8;

Павийон Поль-Жерин-Лажуа (N), ул. Сен-Дени, 1205, г. Монреаль, Квебек, H2X 3R9

Pavillon Lionel-Groulx, rue Jean-Brillant, 3150, Montréal, Quebec, H3T 1N8;

Pavillon Paul-Gérin-Lajoie (N), rue Saint-Denis, 1205, Montréal, Québec, H2X 3R9

АлперинХ. П.AlperinJ. P.

ул. Уэст Хастингс, 515, г. Ванкувер, Британская Колумбия, V6B 5K3; 

г. Ванкувер, Британская Колумбия

West Hastings str., 515, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6B 5K3;

Vancouver, British Columbia

МаттиасЛ.MatthiasL.

ул. Уэст Хастингс, 515, г. Ванкувер, Британская Колумбия, V6B 5K3

West Hastings str., 515, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6B 5K3, Canada

НорландерБ.NorlanderB.

Мэри Гейтс Холл, апарт. 370, г. Сиэтл, Вашингтон, 98195-2840; 

г. Сиэтл, Вашингтон

Mary Gates Hall, Suite 370, Seattle, Washington, 98195-2840;

Seattle, Washington

ФарлиЭ.FarleyA.

Мэри Гейтс Холл, апарт. 370, г. Сиэтл, Вашингтон, 98195-2840; 

г. Сиэтл, Вашингтон

Mary Gates Hall, Suite 370, Seattle, Washington, 98195-2840;

Seattle, Washington

ВестДж.WestJ.

Мэри Гейтс Холл, апарт. 370, г. Сиэтл, Вашингтон, 98195-2840

Mary Gates Hall, Suite 370, Seattle, Washington, 98195-2840

ХауштайнС.HausteinS.

Павийон Поль-Жерин-Лажуа (N), ул. Сен-Дени, 1205, г. Монреаль, Квебек, H2X 3R9; 

Демаре Холл, Восточная Лорье-авеню, 55, г. Оттава, Онтарио, K1N 6N5

Pavillon Paul-Gérin-Lajoie (N), rue Saint-Denis, 1205, Montréal, Québec, H2X 3R9;

Desmarais Hall, Laurier Avenue East, 55, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5

ИмпактСтори (Impactstory)Соединённые Штаты АмерикиImpactstoryUnited StatesШкола библиотечных и информационных наук Университета Монреаля; Научно-техническая обсерватория Межвузовского научно-исследовательского центра науки и техники Университета Квебека в МонреалеКанадаÉcole de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l’information, Université de Montréal; Observatoire des Sciences et des Technologies (OST), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur la Science et la Technologie (CIRST), Université du Québec à MontréalCanadaКанадский институт исследований в издательском деле Университета Саймона Фрезера; Проект «Общественные знания» (Public Knowledge Project)КанадаCanadian Institute for Studies in Publishing, Simon Fraser University; Public Knowledge ProjectCanadaЛаборатория научной коммуникации Университета Саймона ФрезераКанадаScholarly Communications Lab, Simon Fraser UniversityCanadaИнформационная школа Вашингтонского университета; ФлоришОА (FlourishOA)Соединённые Штаты АмерикиInformation School, University of Washington; FlourishOAUnited StatesИнформационная школа Вашингтонского университетаСоединённые Штаты АмерикиInformation School, University of WashingtonUnited StatesНаучно-техническая обсерватория Межвузовского научно-исследовательского центра науки и техники Университета Квебека в Монреале; Школа информационных исследований Университета ОттавыКанадаObservatoire des Sciences et des Technologies (OST), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur la Science et la Technologie (CIRST), Université du Québec à Montréal; School of Information Studies, University of OttawaCanada20192801202024228247Copyright © Пивовар Х., Прим Д., Ларивьер В., Алперин Х.П., Маттиас Л., Норландер Б., Фарли Э., Вест Д., Хауштайн С., 20202020Пивовар Х., Прим Д., Ларивьер В., Алперин Х.П., Маттиас Л., Норландер Б., Фарли Э., Вест Д., Хауштайн С.Piwowar H., Priem J., Larivière V., Alperin J.P., Matthias L., Norlander B., Farley A., West J., Haustein S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://05x01x01x01x02.ejs-01.elpub.dev/jour/article/view/71

Хотя интерес к открытому доступу (ОД) к научной литературе выразился в большом количестве публикаций, пока остается неудовлетворенной потребность в широкомасштабном современном исследовании с воспроизводимыми результатами, которое оценило бы распространенность и характеристики публикаций открытого доступа. Мы откликаемся на эту потребность с помощью oaDOI, общедоступного онлайнового сервиса, определившего статус ОД для 67 миллионов статей. Для исследования мы используем три группы статей объемом 100 тысяч каждая: (1) статьи c DOI от CrossRef; (2) статьи последних лет, проиндексированные в Web of Science; и (3) статьи, открытые пользователями Unpaywall, общедоступного браузерного расширения, позволяющего пользователям находить статьи ОД с помощью oaDOI. Наша оценка процента научной литературы открытого доступа — не менее 28% (19 миллионов), причем этот процент растет в основном за счет Золотого и Гибридного ОД. Последний проанализированный период, 2015 г., показал наивысший процент ОД — 45%. Благодаря этому росту и c учетом того, что пользователи чаще всего обращаются к свежим статьям, мы обнаружили, что пользователи Unpaywall достаточно часто просматривают статьи ОД: 47% всех открытых статей. Интересно, что самый распространенный тип ОД — не Золотой, Зеленый или Гибридный, а дискуссионный тип, который мы называем Бронзовым. Это статьи в свободном (бесплатном) доступе на сайте издателя, не имеющие открытой лицензии. Мы также исследуем влияние открытого доступа на цитирование статей, подтверждая так называемое преимущество статей ОД в аспекте цитирования: с учетом времени публикации и тематики статей ОД они получают в среднем на 18% больше цитирований. Этот эффект обеспечивается в основном за счет Зеленого и Гибридного ОД. Мы призываем к дальнейшим исследованиям с использованием сервиса oaDOI с целью выработки обоснованной политики и практики открытого доступа.

Despite growing interest in Open Access (OA) to scholarly literature, there is an unmet need for large-scale, up-to-date, and reproducible studies assessing the prevalence and characteristics of OA. We address this need using oaDOI, an open online service that determines OA status for 67 million articles. We use three samples, each of 100,000 articles, to investigate OA in three populations: (1) all journal articles assigned a Crossref DOI, (2) recent journal articles indexed in Web of Science, and (3) articles viewed by users of Unpaywall, an open-source browser extension that lets users find OA articles using oaDOI. We estimate that at least 28% of the scholarly literature is OA (19M in total) and that this proportion is growing, driven particularly by growth in Gold and Hybrid. The most recent year analyzed (2015) also has the highest percentage of OA (45%). Because of this growth, and the fact that readers disproportionately access newer articles, we find that Unpaywall users encounter OA quite frequently: 47% of articles they view are OA. Notably, the most common mechanism for OA is not Gold, Green, or Hybrid OA, but rather an under-discussed category we dub Bronze: articles made free-to-read on the publisher website, without an explicit Open license. We also examine the citation impact of OA articles, corroborating the so-called open-access citation advantage: accounting for age and discipline, OA articles receive 18% more citations than average, an effect driven primarily by Green and Hybrid OA. We encourage further research using the free oaDOI service, as a way to inform OA policy and practice.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.